دو فصلنامه علوم سبزی ها

دو فصلنامه علوم سبزی ها

بررسی اثرات نسبت‌های مختلف نیتروژن و پتاسیم بر ویژگی‌های کمی و کیفی میوه گوجه‌فرنگی (Solanum lycopersicum L.) در شرایط هیدروپونیک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
سعید الله توکلی 1
عبدالحسین ابوطالبی جهرمی 2
عبدالرسول ذاکرین 3
عبدالکریم اجرائی 3
حامد حسن زاده خانکهدانی 4
1 دانشجوی دکتری علوم باغبانی، واحد جهرم، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، جهرم، ایران
2 دانشیار علوم باغبانی، واحد جهرم، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، جهرم، ایران
3 استادیار علوم باغبانی، واحد جهرم، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، جهرم، ایران
4 استادیار بخش باغبانی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان هرمزگان، بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، بندرعباس، ایران
10.22034/iuvs.2022.543426.1185
چکیده
این تحقیق به‌منظور بررسی نسبت‌های مختلف نیتروژن و پتاسیم بر ویژگی‌های کمی و کیفی میوه گوجه‌فرنگی رقم هیراد در شرایط گلخانه‌ای و هیدروپونیک در مجتمع کشاورزی ابراهیم‌آباد شهرستان ارزوئیه استان کرمان در سال 1398 اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل غلظت‌های نیتروژن و پتاسیم بر حسب پی‌پی‌ام در مراحل رشد رویش و زایشی شامل (130 نیتروژن+ 250 پتاسیم مرحله رشد رویشی و 160 نیتروژن+ 350 پتاسیم مرحله رشد زایشی)، (140 نیتروژن+ 260 پتاسیم مرحله رشد رویشی و 170 نیتروژن+ 360 پتاسیم مرحله رشد زایشی)، (150 نیتروژن+ 270 پتاسیم مرحله رشد رویشی و 180 نیتروژن+ 350 پتاسیم مرحله رشد زایشی) و (160 نیتروژن+ 280 پتاسیم مرحله رشد رویشی و 190 نیتروژن+ 380 پتاسیم مرحله رشد زایشی) از طریق محلول غذایی اعمال شد. نتایج نشان داد که نسبت‌های مختلف نیتروژن و پتاسیم بر شاخص‌های کمی (قطر ساقه و عملکرد بوته، محتوای کلروفیل و کاروتنوئید میوه) و کیفی (مواد جامد محلول، اسید کل، لیکوپن و آسکوربیک اسید میوه) تأثیر می‌گذارد، طوری‌که بیشترین مقدار قطر ساقه اصلی با کاربرد (150 نیتروژن+ 270 پتاسیم مرحله رشد رویشی و 180 نیتروژن+ 350 پتاسیم مرحله رشد زایشی) به‌دست آمد. کاربرد (140 نیتروژن+ 260 پتاسیم مرحله رشد رویشی و 170- نیتروژن+ 360 پتاسیم مرحله رشد زایشی) بیشترین میزان عملکرد تک‌بوته، اسید کل و لیکوپن میوه را نشان داد. با کاربرد (160 نیتروژن+ 280 پتاسیم مرحله رشد رویشی و 190 نیتروژن+ 380 پتاسیم مرحله رشد زایشی) بیشترین میزان کلروفیل میوه و مواد جامد محلول و بیشترین میزان اسید آسکوربیک با کاربرد (130 نیتروژن+ 250 پتاسیم مرحله رشد رویشی و 160 نیتروژن+ 350 پتاسیم مرحله رشد زایشی) به‌دست آمد. جهت حصول حداکثر عملکرد و کیفیت میوه گوجه‌فرنگی استفاده از پتاسیم بیشتر (380 پی‌پی‌ام) و نیتروژن کمتر (140 پی‌پی‌ام) توصیه می‌شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
پتاسیم
گوجه‌فرنگی
محلول غذایی
نیتروژن
هیدروپونیک

عنوان مقاله English

Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Fruit under Hydroponic Conditions

نویسندگان English

Saeid Allahtavakoli 1
Abolhossein Aboutalebi Jahromi 2
Abdolrasoul Zakerin 3
Abdolkarim Ejraei 3
Hamed Hassanzadeh Khankahdani 4
1 Ph.D. Student of Horticultural Science, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Horticultural Science, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Horticultural Science, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran
4 Assistant Professor of Horticultural Researcher of Hormozgan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Department of Agricultural and Horticultural Research, Bandar Abbas, Iran
چکیده English

Introduction: Most growers do not pay attention to the issue of proper nutrition, including the proper ratio of elements in the nutrient solution and changing the concentration of each element and their ratio at different stages growth. Lack of available information in this regard, in the present study, it has been decided to evaluate the effect of different ratios of nitrogen and potassium on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of tomato fruit under hydroponic conditions. The balance of nutrients in the culture medium is one of the factors affecting the yield and quality of crops and horticulture. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of different ratios of nitrogen and potassium on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Hirad tomato fruit in hydroponic conditions.
Materials and Methods: Treatments include concentrations of nitrogen and potassium in the vegetative and reproductive period including 1) nitrogen and potassium at concentrations of 130 and 250 ppm in the vegetative stage and 160 and 350 ppm in the reproductive stage; 2) nitrogen and potassium at concentrations of 140 and 260 ppm in the vegetative stage and 170 and 360 ppm in the reproductive stage, respectively; 3) nitrogen and potassium at concentrations of 150 and 270 ppm in the vegetative stage and 180 and 370 ppm in the reproductive stage, respectively; and 4) nitrogen and potassium were at concentrations of 160 and 280 ppm in the vegetative stage and 190 and 380 ppm in the reproductive stage, respectively.

Results and Discussion: The results showed that the nutrition of tomato plant with different ratios of nitrogen and potassium affects different characteristics of the plant such as quantitative and qualitative indicators. The highest stem diameter value was obtained in the vegetative and reproductive stages in treatment 3. Treatment 2 showed the highest yield of single plant, total acid and fruit lycopene, and in treatment 4, the highest amount of fruit chlorophyll and soluble solids was observed.

Conclusion: Also, the highest ascorbic acid content was obtained in treatment 1.In general, in order to achieve maximum yield and improve the quality of tomato fruit, it is recommended to use more potassium and less nitrogen.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Hydroponics
Nitrogen
Nutritional solution
Potassium
Tomato
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دو فصلنامه علوم سبزی ها
دوره 5، شماره 10 - شماره پیاپی 2
دو فصلنامه علوم سبزی ها- پاییز و زمستان 1400
دی 1400
صفحه 121-135

  • تاریخ دریافت 01 آذر 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری 26 بهمن 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش 27 بهمن 1400