اثر هیومیک پرایمینگ گیاهچه های سیب زمینی آگریا برای تولید غده‌چه‌های بذری

وحید تازه کند, شمس الدین; شهریاری, رضا

doi:10.22034/iuvs.2023.1999972.1279

اثر هیومیک پرایمینگ گیاهچه های سیب زمینی آگریا برای تولید غده‌چه‌های بذری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

شمس الدین وحید تازه کند ¹

رضا شهریاری ²

¹ دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد زراعت، گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اردبیل، ایران

² استادیار گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اردبیل، ایران

10.22034/iuvs.2023.1999972.1279

چکیده

به منظور بررسی کارایی خیساندن گیاهچه های سیب زمینی رقم آگریا در غلظت های مختلف هیومات پتاسیم در طی زمان های مختلف برای تولید غده چه های بذری، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه کاملاً تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام شد. فاکتورهای آزمایشی غلظت های مختلف هیومات پتاسیم (صفر، 0/25، 0/5، 0/75، 1، 1/25 و 1/5 گرم در لیتر) و سطوح مختلف مدت زمان پیش تیمار (صفر، 3، 6، 9 و 12 ساعت) بود. اثر متقابل غلظت هیومات پتاسیم و مدت زمان پیش تیمار روی صفات وزن تر و خشک بوته، ارتفاع بوته و تعداد برگ مرکب معنی دار شد. مصرف 1/25 و 1/5 گرم در لیتر هیومات پتاسیم منجر به افزایش معنی‌دار میانگین تعداد غده‌چه در هر گلدان نسبت به تیمار شاهد شد، همچنین بیشترین مقدار این صفت از پیش تیمار 12 ساعته به دست آمد. بالاترین میانگین تعداد غده‌چه در گیاهچه با مصرف 1/5 گرم در لیتر هیومات پتاسیم به دست آمد و 12 ساعت پیش تیمار نیز منجر به ثبت بیشترین میزان این صفت شد. بالاترین میانگین وزن غده چه ها با مصرف 1/5 گرم در لیتر هیومات پتاسیم به دست آمد. افزایش مدت زمان پیش تیمارکردن باعث بهبودی معنی‌دار در میانگین وزن غده‌چه‌های بذری نسبت به شاهد شد. پیش تیمارکردن گیاهچه های سیب زمینی با هیومات پتاسیم می تواند اثر مثبت و معنی داری روی تعداد و وزن غده چه های سیب زمینی بذری داشته باشد و هر چه مدت زمان بیشتری برای پیش تیمارکردن سپری شود، این تاثیر بیشتر می شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

هیومیک اسید

بذر

مینی تیوبر

گیاهچه

عنوان مقاله English

Humic priming of Agria potato seedlings for production of seed minitubers

نویسندگان English

Shamsaldin Vahid Taze-Kand ¹

Reza Shahryari ²

¹ M.Sc. Graduate, Department of Agriculture, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran

² Assistant Professor, Department of Agriculture, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran

چکیده English

Extended Abstract
1. Introduction: Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the main crops for food security in the world. This plant has a cultivated area of more than 16 million hectares and a production of 360 million tons per year. This plant is propagated sexually (true potato seeds (TPS)), and asexually (tuber formation), but for commercial purposes mainly seed tubers are used. The most important issue for the production of agricultural plants is the choosing appropriate method to propagate them (Rashtian et al., 2024). Minitubers are used to prevent diseases and pests and increase product yield (Askari et al., 2023). Minitubers are small seed potato tubers that are obtained from seedlings propagated in laboratory conditions. Minituber production is one of the important methods of potato seed production and has created a bridge between rapid propagation of seedlings in glass and field propagation of seed tubers all over the world (Struik et al., 2006). Various agricultural factors, including the type of variety and the type and amount of fertilizer used in plant nutrition, can affect the quantity and quality of tubers produced (Bolandi and Hamidi, 2017). In recent decades, agriculture based on the use of biological fertilizers has been considered with the aim of eliminating or significantly reducing the consumption of chemical inputs. In sustainable agricultural systems, the use of biological fertilizers is of particular importance in increasing the quality yield (Barzegari Barogh et al., 2023). Among the organic fertilizers that are used in agriculture today is humic (Sardashti and Mohammadian Moghadam, 2016). Humic matter is a natural polymer and is extracted from various sources such as soil, humus, peat, oxidized lignite (Sebahattin and Necdet, 2005). In this experiment, effect of pretreatment of potassium humate in different time levels investigated on production of potato seed minitubers.
2. Materials and Methods: The efficiency of potassium humate consumption levels through pretreatment times for potato seed minitubers cv. Agria was conducted as an experiment at greenhouse of Behparvar Sabalan Company in Ardabil. A factorial experiment was carried out based on completely randomized design with three replications. Treatments including were powder potassium humate fertilizer levels (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25 and 1.5 g/ L) and time of pretreatment levels (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 hours). Plant fresh weight, dry weight, plant height, compound leaves number, the average number of minituber per pot, the average number of minituber per seedling, average minituber weight, and average minituber diameter traits were studied. Data were analyzed using SAS version 9.4 software and means comparison was done through the Least Significant Difference at five percent probability level.
3. Results and Discussion: Analysis of variance showed that the interaction of potassium humate levels and pretreatment time levels on fresh and dry weight, plant height and numbers of compound leaves were significant at 5% probability level. The best treatment combination for fresh and dry weight was 1.5 g/l potassium humate consumption by 12 hours of pretreatment. In term of plant height, the lowest value was obtained in the combined treatments 0.5 g/l potassium humate without pretreatment, also by treatments combined with 12 hours pretreatment and consumption of 1.5 g/l of potassium humate, the highest number of compound leaves was observed. The average number of minituber per pot and seedling, average minituber weight and diameter minituber significantly affected by potassium humate levels and pretreatment levels at 1% probability level. 1.25 and 1.5 g/L consumption of potassium humate led to a significant increase in the number of minituber per pot compared to control, as well as the highest attribute was from 12 hours pretreatment. The highest average number of minitubers per seedling was obtained from consumption 1.5 g/l of potassium humate and 12 hours pretreatment had the highest value of this trait. In the absence of potassium humate consumption, average minituber weight was the lowest value, while the highest value was in 1.5 g/l of potassium humate.
4. Conclusion: Increasing of the pretreatment duration with potassium humate caused significant improvement in minituber number and weight compared to control. It concluded that pretreatment of Agria potato seedlings with potassium humate before culture in greenhouse affected significantly positive effect on number and weight of potato seed minitubers, and this effect increased by more times pretreatment in high concentrations of potassium humate.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Humic acid

Seed

Minituber

Seedling

Abdel-Mawgoud, A.M.R., El-Greadly, N.H.M., Helmy Y.I. & Singer, S.M. (2007). Responses of tomato plants to different rates of humic based fertilizer and NPK fertilization. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 3(2), 169-174.

Albers, C. N., Banta, G. T., Hansen, P. E. & Jacobsen, O. S. (2008). Effect of different humic substances on the fate of diuron and its main metabolite 3, 4-dichloroaniline in soil. Environmental Science Technology, 1; 42(23), 8687-91. https://doi.org/10.1021/es800629m

Al-Sawary, M. R. S., Gazar A. M. & Mater, N. Sh. (2013). Comparison between organic agriculture for safe environment, food security and conventional agriculture by effect of spray with organic humic fertilizer and added chemical fertilizer on growth and yield two cultivars potato Solanum tubersoum. International Journal of Environment & Water, 2(5), 41-45.

Askari, N., Ghahramani, R., Reisi, A., Sadat-Hosseini, M. & Parsa Motlagh, B. (2023). The role of thermal stress on in vitro potato micromicrotuber induction. Journal of Vegetables Sciences, 6(2), 73-84. https://doi.org/10.22034/iuvs.2022.562669.1236

Barzegari Barogh, R., Hassanpanah, D., Esmaielpour, B., Jahanbakhsh Gade Kahriz, S. & Kalateh Jari, S. (2023). The effect of using biological fertilizers on the morphological characteristics, nutrients and soluble solids of the obtained plantlets from tissue culture of Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Jelly and Agria. Journal of Vegetables Sciences, 6(2), 97-107. https://doi.org/10.22034/iuvs.2021.138417.1123

Bayati, A. A., Mirzaei Nadushan, H. & Unique M. R. (2013). Correlation evaluation of effective traits and their effect on large tuber performance in potato. Journal of Agriculture, 102: 180-189.

Bolandi, A. R. & Hamidi, H. (2017). The effect of size and density of microtubers on potato tuber production. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 10(3),218-208.

Burhan, A. (2007). Relationship among yield and some yield characters in potato. Journal of Biological Science, 7, 973- 976.

https://doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2007.973.976

Cimrin, K. M. & Yilmaz I. (2005). Humic acid applications to lettuce do not improve yield but do improve phosphorus availability. Acta Agriculture Scandinavia, Section B, Soil and Plant Science, 55, 58-63. https://doi.org/10.1080/09064710510008559

David, P.P., Nelson, P.V. & Sanders, D.C. )1994(. A humic acid improves growth of tomato seedling in solution culture. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 17, 173-184. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904169409364717

Darvishzadeh, R. H., Maleki, H., & Sarrafi A. (2011). Path analysis of the relationships between yield and some related traits in diallel population of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) under well-watered and water-stressed conditions. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 5, 674-680.

Delfine, S., Tognetti, R., Desiderio, E. & Alvino, A. )2005(. Effect of foliar application of N and humic acids on growth and yield of durum wheat. Agronomy for Sustainable development, 25, 2, 183- 191. https://doi.org/10.1051/agro:2005017

Ezzati, A., Shahrokhi, Sh., & Hassanpanah, D. (2013). The effect of Fert Ultra humic fertilizer and Kadostim amino acid on the quantitative and qualitative traits of potato cultivars in Ardabil region. National Conference of Plant Physiology, Yazd University. Page 349.

Faried, H. N., Pervez, M. A., Ayyub Ch. M., Yaseen, M., Butt, M. & Bashir, M. (2014). Effect of soil application of humic acid and hydrogel on morphophysiological and biochemical attributes of potato (solanum tuberosum L.). Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences, 12(2), 92-96.

Garcia, M. C. V., Estrella, F.S., Lopes M. J. & Moreno, J. (2008). Influence of compost amendment on soil biological properties and plants. Dynamic soil, Dynamic Plant, 1, 1-9.

Ghannad, M., Ashraf, Sh. & Alipour, Z. T. (2014). Enhancing yield and quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber using an integrated fertilizer management. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences, 7 (10), 742-748.

Ghorbani, P., Khajeh Hosseini, M. & Ayshi Rezaei, A. (2012). Pretreatment of different levels of humic acid on germination and early growth of corn seedlings (Zea mays L.). Journal of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, 9(3), 37-43.

Hartwigsen, J.A., & Evans, M.R. 2000. Humic acid seed and substrate treatments
promote seedling root development. HortScience, 35(7), 1231-1233. doi:10.21273/HORTSCI.35.7.1231

Harun, N. A. F., Baharuddin, A. S., Zainudin, M. H. M., Bahrin, E. K., Naim, M. N. & Zakaria, R. (2013). Cellulase production from treated oil palm empty fruit bunch degradation by locally isolated Thermobifida fusca. Biology Resources. 8, 676-687. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.8.1.676-687

Hassanpanah, D. & Azimi, J. (2012). Effects of different concentrations of Humi-Fert Ultra organic matter on mini-tuber production of potato cultivars under in vivo condition. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 7(31), 4432-4439. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR11.1048

Hassanpanah, D., & Khodadadi, M. (2009). Evaluation of potassium humate effects on germination, yield and yield components ‌of HPS-II/67 hybrid true potato seeds under in vitro and in vivo conditions. American Journal of Plant Physiology, 4, 52-57. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajpp.2009.52.57

Honardust, Sh. Ejali, J., Hassanpanah, D. & Faramarzi, A. (2018). The effect of different concentrations of potassium humate organic substances on the production of potato mini tuber of Agria and Savalan cultivars in greenhouse conditions. The sixth national conference of new ideas in agriculture. March 10-11, 2018. Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan branch. Iran.

Huang, P. M., Wang, M. K., & Chiu. C. H. (2005). Soil mineral-organic matter-microbe interactions: impact on biogeochemical processes and biodiversity in soils. Pedobiologia, 49, 609-635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2005.06.006

Khayatnezhad, M., Shahriari, R. & Gholamin, R. (2011). Correlation and path analysis between yield and yield components in potato (Solanum tubersum L.). Middle-East Journal of Scientifi Research, 7, 17-21.

Leonard, A. G. (2008). Humic acid: 100% natural, many uses. Goldend Harvest organic. LLCTM.

Luo, W., & Gu, B. (2009). Dissolution and mobilization of uranium in reduced sediment by natural humic substances under anaerobic conditions. Environmental Science Technology, 43,152-156.

https://doi.org/10.1021/es8013979

Mahmoud Asmaa, R., & Hafez Magda, M. (2010). Increasing productivity of potato plants (Solanum tubersoum L.) by using potassium fertilizer and humic acid application. International Journal of Academic Reserch, 2, 83-88.

https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2016.712154

Mauromicale, G., Angela, M. G. L., & Monaco, A.L. (2011). The effect of organic supplementation of solarized soil on the quality of tomato. Scientia Horticulture, 129 (2), 189-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scientia.2011.03.024

Mayhew, L. 2004. Humic substances in biological agriculture. ACRES. 34, Nos:1&2.

Nardi, S., Pizzeghello, D., Muscolo, A. & Vianello, A. (2002). Physiological
Effects of humic substances on higher plants. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 34 (11), 1527- 1536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(02)00174-8

Patil, R. (2010). Effect of potassium humate and deproteinised juice (DPJ) on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat and jowar. Annals of Biological Research. 1, 148-151.

Rashtian, A., Avazpour Jalali, S. & Tabandeh Saravi, A. (2024). Effect of fortification with biostimulants on seed germination indices and seedling growth parameters of rhubarb (Rheum ribes). Journal of Vegetables Sciences, 14(2), 195-208. https://doi.org/10.22034/IUVS.2023.1982787.1256

Rizk, F. A., Shaheen, A. M., Singer, S. M. & Sawan, O. A. (2013). The productivity of potato plants affected by urea fertilizer as foliar spraying and humic acid added with irrigation water. Middle East Journal of Agriculture Research, 2(2),76-83.

Roodbar Shojaei, T., Sepahvand, N. A., Omidi, M., Mohammadi, A. & Abdi, H. R. (2008). Response of four commercial potato cultivars to different combinations of plant growth regulators in meristem culture and production of virus free plantlets. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences, 9(4), 332-344.

Sardashti, A. & Mohammadian Moghadam, S. (2016). Determination of the cation exchange capacity of humic acid extracted from the forest soil of Nahar Khoran River, Gorgan, with respect to Pb+2, Cd+2, and Ni+2 ions by discontinuous container method in an aqueous environment. Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 3, 9.

Sebahattin, A. & Necdet, C. (2005). Effects of different levels and application times of humic acid on root and leaf yield and yield components of forage turnip (Brassica rapa L.). Agronomy Journal, 4, 130-133.

https://doi.org/10.3923/ja.2005.130.133

Selim, E. M., Shedeed, S. I., Asaad, F. F. & El-Neklawy, A. S. (2011). Interactive effects of humic acid and water stress on chlorophyll and mineral nutrient contents of potato plants. Journal of Science Reserch, 7, 531-537.

Selim, M. E., El-Neklawy, A. S. & El-Ashry, S.M. (2010). Beneficial effects of humic substances on soil fertility to fertigated potato grown on sandy soil. Libyan Agriculture Research Center Journal International, 1 (4), 255-262.

Soleimani Aghdam, M., Hassanpouraghdam, M. B., Paliyat, G. & Farmani, B. (2012). The language of calcium in postharvest life of fruits, vegetables and flowers. Scientia Horticulturae, 144, 102-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2012.07.007

Statistics of the Ministry of Agriculture. (2022). Statistics of Iran's agricultural products. Vice President of Planning and Economy. Bureau of Statistics and Information Technology of the Ministry of Jihad Agriculture, 85 p.

Struik, P. C., Van der Putten, P. E. L., Caldiz, D. O. & Scholte, K. (2006). Response of stored potato seed tubers from contrasting cultivars to accumulated day- degrees. Crop Science. 46, 1156-1168.

https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2005.08-0267

Unlu, H., Ozdamar-Unlu H. & Karakurt, Y. (2010). Influence of humic acid on the antioxidant compounds in pepper fruit. Journal of Food Agriculture and Environment, 8, 434-438.