دو فصلنامه علوم سبزی ها

دو فصلنامه علوم سبزی ها

زیست غنی‌سازی جعفری (Petroselinum crispum Mill.) با ید (یدید پتاسیم) در کشت خاکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، خوزستان، ایران
2 استادیار، گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران
3 دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، خوزستان، ایران،
چکیده
غنی‌سازی زیستی سبزی‌ها با یُد، به‌عنوان یک استراتژی جدید برای غنی‌سازی بیشتر رژیم غذایی انسان با یک منبع یُد بالقوه مقرون‌به‌صرفه و در دسترس، پیشنهاد شده است. هدف از پژوهش حاضر ارزیابی کارایی و تغییرات بیوشیمیایی ناشی از غنی‌سازی زیستی ید در گیاه جعفری به‌عنوان یک سبزی برگی پرمصرف است. آزمایش به‌صورت گلدانی در شرایط گلخانه‌ای در سال 1397 در گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان به‌صورت طرح کاملاً تصادفی انجام شد. اثر یدید پتاسیم (KI) در غلظت‌های صفر، 5/12، 25، 50، 100 و 150 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم خاک بر روی وزن‌تر و خشک اندام هوایی، میزان ید، اسید آسکوربیک، پروتئین‌های محلول، رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی، کربوهیدرات‌های محلول غیرساختمانی و فنل کل در سبزی جعفری رقم محلی شوشتر بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد وزن‌تر و خشک اندام هوایی جعفری با افزایش غلظت ید بیشتر از 50 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم خاک کاهش نشان داد. میزان رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی، ظرفیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی، اسید آسکوربیک و پروتئین‌های محلول تا تیمار 50 میلی‌گرم ید در کیلوگرم خاک افزایش و سپس کاهش نشان داد. با افزایش میزان ید استفاده‌شده در تیمارها محتوای کربوهیدرات‌های محلول غیر ساختمانی، میزان فنل کل و ید در اندام هوایی جعفری افزایش نشان داد. به‌طورکلی نتایج نشان داد زیست غنی‌سازی جعفری با مقادیر 25 تا 50 میلی‌گرم ید در کیلوگرم خاک می‌تواند موجب بهبود رشد و شاخص‌های بیوشیمیایی گیاه جعفری گردد. بنابراین پیشنهاد می‌شود استفاده از سبزی جعفری غنی‌سازی شده با این دامنه غلظت ید به‌عنوان راه‌کاری برای تأمین نیاز ید در جیره غذایی موردتوجه قرار گیرد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Biofortification of parsley (Petroselinum crispum Mill.) with iodine (potassium iodide) in soil culture

نویسندگان English

Zohre Aeini 1
Mohammadreza Zare Bavani 2
Mokhtar Heidari 3
1 Former MSc. Student of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Khuzestan, Iran
2 Assistant professor, Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran.
3 Associate professor of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Khuzestan, Iran.
چکیده English

Extended Abstract
 

Introduction: Iodine is an essential micronutrient for human nutrition that has a unique role in regulating metabolic processes such as the synthesis of thyroid hormones, which are involved in the synthesis of sugars, nucleic acids, and proteins. The recommended dietary allowance for iodine is 90 mg for young children (1-8 years), 120 mg for older children (9-13 years), 150 mg for adults, and 220-270 mg for pregnant and lactating women. The low amount of iodine available in the soil is one of the main reasons for their insufficient transfer to the plant and as a result, the lack of accumulation of this element in plants. Their deficiency in food occurs in most human and farm animal populations worldwide. Biofortification of products with iodine is proposed as a new strategy to further enrich the human diet with a potentially affordable and readily available source of iodine. Understanding how iodine affects and functions in plants is critical to developing appropriate biofortification approaches. Considering the importance and high consumption of parsley, this study aimed to investigate the effects of applying different levels of iodine in the soil on the enrichment, growth, and physiological characteristics of parsley.
Materials and Methods: The research was carried out in the form of a completely randomized design with three replications in the conditions of the research greenhouse of the Department of Horticultural Sciences, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, in the cropping season of 2017-2018. The experimental treatments included five levels of potassium iodate (concentrations of zero, 12, 25, 50, 100, and 150 mgkg-1 soil), which were mixed with soil before filling the pots, and then each pot was filled with enriched soil corresponding to each treatment. At the end of the experiment, the fresh and dry weight of the shoot, amount of iodine, Ascorbic acid, soluble proteins, photosynthetic pigments, and content of soluble carbohydrates and total phenol in parsley were examined.
Results and Discussion: According to the obtained results, the highest amount of fresh and dry weight of parsley shoot was obtained in the treatments of 25 and 50 mg of iodine per kg of soil, and it showed a decreasing trend with the increase of iodine concentration of more than 50 mgkg-1 of soil. Iodine consumption up to 50 mgkg-1 of soil not only did not have a negative effect on the growth and development of parsley but also showed increasing effects. However, only the treatment of 150 mgkg-1 of soil had a statistically significant difference from the other treatments. Similarly, the levels of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll b ratio to total chlorophyll, chlorophyll b ratio to chlorophyll a, antioxidant capacity, ascorbic acid, and soluble proteins increased up to the treatment of 50 mg iodine per kilogram of soil. However, with further increases in iodine concentration in treatments of 100 and 150 mg iodine per kilogram of soil, these indicators showed a significant decrease. By increasing the amount of iodine consumed in the treatments, the content of soluble carbohydrates, the amount of total phenol, and iodine in shoot of parsley showed an increase. No significant difference was observed in any of the measured traits except the amount of iodine in shoot of parsley between the treatment of 50 mg and 25 mg of iodine per kg of soil. Overall, the results showed that parsley biofortification with amounts of 25 to 50 mg of iodine per kg of soil can improve the growth and biochemical indicators of the parsley plant and be used as a solution to meet human iodine needs.
Conclusion: In general, according to the results obtained in this research, the plants treated with low to medium concentrations of iodine had more soluble carbohydrates, soluble protein, ascorbic acid, antioxidant capacity, and photosynthetic pigments, which indicates a positive response to low to medium amounts of iodine in the root environment. Quantitative data obtained showed that a large amount of iodine is stored in the vegetative tissue. Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that parsley will be a promising target plant for biofortification with iodine. That is by consuming 50 mg of iodine per kilogram of soil, the concentration of iodine in the aerial parts of parsley can be increased by one order, and by consuming 50 to 100 grams of fresh parsley, the daily iodine requirement for an adult person will be provided.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Ascorbic acid
Biochemical compounds
Growth
Soluble carbohydrates
Total phenol
Augustine, R. & Kalyanasundaram, D. (2020). Agronomic biofortification of food crops with micronutrients. Plant Archives, 20, 1383–1387.
Blasco, B., Rios, J. J., Cervilla, L. M., Sánchez-Rodrigez, E., Ruiz, J. M. & Romero, L. (2008). Iodine biofortification and antioxidant capacity of lettuce: potential benefits for cultivation and human health. Annals of Applied Biology, 152, 289-299. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.2008.00217.x
Blasco, B., Rios, J. J., Cervilla, L. M., Sánchez-Rodríguez, E., Rubio-Wilhelmi, M. M., Rosales, M. A., & Ruiz, J. M. (2011a). Iodine application affects nitrogen-use efficiency of lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L.). Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B-Soil & Plant Science, 61(4), 378-383. doi: 10.1080/09064710.2010.492782
Blasco, B., Ríos, J. J., Leyva, R., Cervilla, L. M., S´anchez-Rodríguez, E., Rubio- Wilhelmi, M.M., Rosales, M. A., Ruiz, J. M., & Romero, L. (2011b). Does iodine biofortification affect oxidative metabolism in lettuce plants. Biological Trace Element Research, 142, 831–842. doi: 10.1007/s12011-010-8816-9
Blasco, B., Rios, J. J., Cervilla, L. M., Sánchez-Rodríguez, E., Rubio-Wilhelmi, M. M., Rosales, M. A., & Romero, L. (2010). Photorespiration process and nitrogen metabolism in lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L.): induced changes in response to iodine biofortification. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 29, 477-486. doi: 10.1007/s00344-010-9159-7
Blasco, B., Ríos, J. J., Sánchez-Rodríguez, E., Rubio-Wilhelmi, M. M., Leyva, R., Romero, L., & Ruiz, J. M. (2012). Study of the interactions between iodine and mineral nutrients in lettuce plants. Journal of plant nutrition, 35(13), 1958-1969. doi: 10.1080/01904167.2012.716889
Blikra, M.J., Henjum, S. & Aakre, I. (2022). Iodine from brown algae in human nutrition, with an emphasis on bioaccessibility, bioavailability, chemistry, and effects of processing: A systematic review. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 2, 1517–1536. doi: 10.1111/1541-4337.12918
Bradford, M. M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry, 72, 248-254. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3
Dai, J.L., Zhu, Y.G., Huang, Y.Z., Zhang, M., Song, J.L., 2006. Availability of iodide and iodate to spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) in relation to total iodine in soil solution. Plant and Soil, 289, 301- 308. doi: 10.1007/s11104-006-9139-7
Dobosy, P., Kröpfl, K., Óvári, M., Sandil, S., Németh, K., Engloner, A., & Záray, G. (2020a). Biofortification of green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) with iodine in a plant-calcareous sandy soil system irrigated with water containing KI. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 88, 103434. doi: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103434
Dobosy, P., Vetési, V., Sandil, S., Endrédi, A., Kröpfl, K., Óvári, M., Takács, T. Rékási, M. & Záray, G. (2020b). Effect of irrigation water containing iodine on plant physiological processes and elemental concentrations of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivated in different soils. Agronomy, 10(5), 720. doi: 10.3390/agronomy10050720
Dobosy, P., Endrédi, A., Sandil, S., Vetési, V., Rékási, M., Takács, T. & Záray, G. (2020c). Biofortification of potato and carrot with iodine by applying different soils and irrigation with iodine-containing water. Frontiers in Plant Science, 11, 593047. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.593047
Dubois, M., Gilles, K. A., Hamilton, J. K., Rebers, P. T. & Smith, F. )1956(. Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Analytical Chemistry. 28(3), 350-356. doi: 10.1021/ac60111a017
Duborská, E., Matulová, M., Vaculovič, T., Matúš, P. & Urík, M. (2021). Iodine fractions in soil and their determination. Forests, 12(11), 1512. doi: 10.3390/f12111512
El-Houseiny, W., Algharib, S. A., Mohamed, E. A. A., Metwally, M. M. M., Mahmoud, Y. K., Alghamdi, Y. S., Soliman, M. M., Abd-Elhakim, Y. M. & El-Murr, A. E. (2022). Dietary parsley seed mitigates methomyl-induced impaired growth performance, hemato-immune suppression, oxidative stress, hepato-renal damage, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa susceptibility in Oreochromis niloticus. Antioxidants, 11(6), 1185. doi: 10.3390/antiox11061185.
Esfandiari, E., Abdoli, M. & Rahmati, M. (2015). Evaluation of iodate toxicity (KIO3) on growth, morpho-physiological characteristics and mineral nutrients concentrations of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Agria). Azarian Journal of Agriculture, 2,99-107. 
Farag, M. R., Alagawany, M., Taha, H. S. A., Ismail, T. A., Khalil, S. R. & Abou-Zeid, S. M. (2021). Immune response and susceptibility of Nile tilapia fish to Aeromonas hydrophila infection following the exposure to Bifenthrin and/or supplementation with Petroselinum crispum essential oil. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 216, 112205. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112205
Farzaei, M.H., Abbasabadi, Z., Ardekani, M.R.S., Rahimi, R. & Farzaei, F. (2013). Parsley: A review of ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and biological activities. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 33, 815–826. doi: 10.1016/S0254-6272(14)60018-2
Fuge, R. & Johnson, C. C. (2015). Iodine and human health, the role of environmental geochemistry and diet, a review. Applied Geochemistry, 63, 282-302. doi: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.09.013
Caffagni, A., Arru, L., Meriggi, P., Milc, J., Perata, P. & Pecchioni, N. (2011). Iodine fortification plant screening process and accumulation in tomato fruits and potato tubers. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 42, 706- 718. doi:
Ghasemnezhad, M., Sherafati, M, & Payvast, G.A. )2011(. Variation in phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid and antioxidant activity of five coloured bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) fruits at two different harvest times. Journal of Functional Foods, 3, 44- 49. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2011.02.002
Gonzali, S., Kiferle, C. & Perata, P. (2017). Iodine biofortification of crops: agronomic biofortification, metabolic engineering and iodine bioavailability. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 44, 16-26. doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.10.004
Hong, C. L., Weng, H. X., Qin, Y. C., Yan, A. L. & Xie, L. L. (2008). Transfer of iodine from soil to vegetables by applying exogenous iodine. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 28, 575- 583. doi: 10.1051/agro:2008033
Incrocci, L., Carmassi, G., Maggini, R., Poli, C., Saidov, D., Tamburini, C., Kiferle, C., Perata, P. & Pardossi, A. (2019). Iodine accumulation and tolerance in sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) with green or purple leaves grown in floating system technique. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10, 1494. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01494
Kapil, U. (2018). Iodine deficiency disorders and their elimination. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 148,120. doi: 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_852_17
Khazaei, Z., Behnamian, M., Dezhsetan, S. & Estaji, A. (2023). The effect of green zinc oxide nanoparticles on the physicochemical properties of Ganoderma lucidum mushroom. Journal of Vegetables Sciences, 14(2), 01-24. doi:10.22034/IUVS.2023.1972377.1247
Kiferle, C., Martinelli, M., Salzano, A. M., Gonzali, S., Beltrami, S., Salvadori, P. A. & Perata, P. (2021). Evidences for a nutritional role of iodine in plants. Frontiers in Plant Science, 12, 616868. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.616868
Landini, M., Gonzali, S. & Perata, P., (2011). Iodine biofortification in tomato. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 174, 480- 486. doi: 10.1002/jpln.201000395
Lawson, P. G., Daum, D., Czauderna, R., Meuser, H., and Härtling, J. W. (2015). Soil versus foliar iodine fertilization as a biofortification strategy for field-grown vegetables. Frontiers in Plant Science, 6, 450. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00450
Leyva, R., Sánchez-Rodríguez, E., Ríos, J.J., Rubio-Wilhelmi, M.M., Romero, L., Ruiz, J.M. and Blasco, B., (2011). Beneficial effects of exogenous iodine in lettuce plants subjected to salinity stress. Plant Science, 181(2), 195-202. doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.05.007
Li, R., Liu, H.P., Hong, C. L., Dai, Z.X., Liu, J. W., Zhou, J., Hu, C. Q. & Weng, H. X. (2016). Iodide and iodate effects on the growth and fruit quality of strawberry. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 97(1), 230- 235. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.7719
Medrano-Macías, J., Leija-Martínez, P., González-Morales, S., Juárez-Maldonado, A. & Benavides-Mendoza, A. (2016). Use of iodine to biofortify and promote growth and stress tolerance in crops. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7, 1146. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01146
Mynett, A. & Wain, R. L. (1971). Selective herbicidal activity of iodide in relation to iodide accumulation and foliar peroxidase activity. Journal of Pesticide Science, 2, 238- 242. doi: 10.1002/ps.2780020603
Ojok, J., Omara, P., Opolot, E., Odongo, W., Olum, S., Gijs, D. L., Gellynck, X., De Steur, H. & Ongeng, D. (2019). Iodine agronomic biofortification of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) is effective under farmer field conditions. Agronomy, 9(12), 797. doi: 10.3390/agronomy9120797
Sabatino, L., Di Gaudio F, Consentino BB, Rouphael Y, El-Nakhel C, La Bella S, Vasto S, Mauro, R.P., D’Anna, F., Iapichino, G., Caldarella, R. & De Pasquale, C. (2021). Iodine biofortification counters micronutrient deficiency and improve functional quality of open field grown curly Endive. Horticulturae. 7(3), 58. doi: 10.3390/agronomy9120797
Sadeghi Ghahnasir, A., Aboutalebi Jahromi, A., Behrooznam, B., Hassanzadeh Khankahdani, H. & Ejraei, A. (2023). The influence of foliar application of humic acid, amino acid and extract of Otostegia persica, Artemisia abrotanum and Teucrium polium medicinal plants on yield and yield components of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Journal of Vegetables Sciences, 13(1), 113-130. doi: 10.22034/IUVS.2022.1971285.1241
Smoleń, S., Ledwożyw-Smoleń, I., Halka, M., Sady, W. & Kováčik, P. (2017). The absorption of iodine from 5-iodosalicylic acid by hydroponically grown lettuce. Scientia Horticulturae, 225, 716-725. doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2017.08.009
Smoleń, S., Sady, W., Ledwożyw-Smoleń, I., Strzetelski, P., Liszka-Skoczylas, M. & Rożek, S. (2014). Quality of fresh and stored carrots depending on iodine and nitrogen fertilization. Food Chemistry, 159, 316–322. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.03.024
Smoleń, S., Wierzbińska, J., Sady, W., Kołton, A., Wiszniewska, A. & Liszka-Skoczylas, M. (2015). Iodine biofortification with additional application of salicylic acid affects yield and selected parameters of chemical composition of tomato fruits (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Scientia Horticulturae, 188, 89-96. doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2015.03.023
Vetési, V., Záray, G., Endrédi, A., Sandil, S., Rékási, M., Takács, T. & Dobosy, P. (2022). Iodine biofortification of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and pea (Pisum sativum L.) plants cultivated in three different soils. Plos one, 17(10), p.e0275589. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275589 
دوره 8، شماره 15 - شماره پیاپی 1
دو فصلنامه علوم سبزی ها- بهار و تابستان 1403
تیر 1403
صفحه 135-152

  • تاریخ دریافت 10 مرداد 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری 20 شهریور 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش 01 مهر 1402