نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
عنوان مقاله English
نویسندگان English
Extended Abstract
1. Introduction:Intercropping as a current method in sustainable agriculture, in addition to increase the yield of traits compared to pure cultivation, increases biodiversity in agricultural ecosystems. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the yield components of beans in pure and mixed cultivation of cucumbers and identify the best cultivars of beans and cucumbers in terms of plant height, fruit weight, fruit dry weight, fruit pod length, plant height, plant fresh weight and number of fruits per plant. Also, the presence or absence of correlation as well as its level in the evaluated traits will be investigated.
2. Materials and Methods: In order to evaluate the performance of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) intercropping, an experiment is conducted in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications in Varamin region. The experimental treatments include 10 mixtures of beans and cucumbers as a mixed product and one pure bean as a control. Cucumber cultivars in this experiment include Viola, Mirsoltan, Mito, Emilie, CUB-9042, FC-21, CUB-9045, FC-27, Nagin and Negin, along with Cobra bean variety, which were cultivated and investigated. In order to evaluate mixed cultivation compared to pure cultivation at the end of the growing season, ten plants of beans and ten plants of cucumber are sampled from each plot. The samples are dried in an oven at 70°C for 24 hours and after evaluating the mixed and pure cultures, they are compared to each other using the Land Equality Ratio (LER) index.
3. Results and Discussion:The results of analysis of variance showed that mixed culture is significant for all the evaluated traits at the level of one percent probability. Mixed cultivation of Cobra bean and Viola greenhouse cucumber cultivars has been selected as the most suitable cultivation in terms of all traits. Cultivations of Cobra bean with CUB-9042 greenhouse cucumber, Cobra bean with Nagin greenhouse cucumber, and Cobra bean were identified as undesirable crops. In terms of the stability of mixed crops, the cultivations of Cobra bean with Viola greenhouse cucumber and Cobra bean with Negin greenhouse cucumber were identified as stable crops in terms of traits. In general, it is possible to select the beans of the Cobra variety with the greenhouse cucumber of the Viola variety as the most desirable and stable crops in terms of all the traits evaluated in the experiment. The relationship between fruit fresh weight with fruit dry weight and pod length; and the number of fruits per plant with pod length and plant height are positive and significant. A polygon view was drawn to determine the best cultivation for the evaluated traits. This figure is drawn by connecting the cultures that had the greatest distance from the origin. From the origin, a line is perpendicular to each side of the polyhedron to divide the figure into several parts. In this form, crops that are located in a section with one or more specific traits show good performance relative to that trait. The multidimensional view also show that mixed crops of Cobra bean and greenhouse cucumber Viola cultivars, Cobra bean and greenhouse cucumber cultivar CUB-9042, and Cobra bean and greenhouse cucumber Nagin cultivars are suitable mixtures. Also, Cobra (bean) × Viola (cucumber) cultivar was more favorable in terms of pod length and plant fresh weight. In the ranking of mixed cultivation based on traits, mixed cultivation of beans of Cobra and greenhouse cucumber of Viola cultivars has been identified as the most desirable cultivation. Based on the grouping of bean and cucumber mixed crops in terms of all studied traits, the crops have been divided into four groups. Regarding land parity ratio (LER), mixed cultivation of Cobra bean and FC-27 greenhouse cucumber cultivars with 25% increase is more beneficial than pure cultivation.
4. Conclusion:The mixed cultures of Cobra (bean) × Viola (cucumber) and Cobra (broad) × FC-21 (cucumber) were favorable in terms of the average traits studied. These two mixed crops of beans and cucumber were identified as crops with high utility in multivariate bi-plot analyses. In the study of the land equality ratio (LER), the cultivation of Cobra (broad) × FC-21 (cucumber) was selected as a beneficial crop with a 25% increase compared to pure cultivation. Finally, according to the results of this study, Cobra × Viola, Cobra × FC-21, Cobra × Nagin and Cobra × CUB-9042 can be considered as high yield and suitable crops.
کلیدواژهها English
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