Background and Objectives: Cadmium is considered one of the most important toxic heavy metals. Its entry into the food chain poses a risk to the health of animals and humans. Currently, cadmium toxicity is a major environmental concern, as this element can be readily absorbed by plant roots and accumulate in significant amounts in various plant organs without displaying any signs of toxicity in the plants. Enhancing plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses is a crucial area that requires increased attention. Inoculation with plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) is one method that can be utilized to reduce the uptake of heavy metals by plants and prevent their entry into the human food chain.

Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted as a factorial design within a completely randomized framework, involving two factors and four replications, under hydroponic cultivation conditions in the research greenhouse of the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili. The first factor comprised the application of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) along with a Hogland nutrient solution at three concentrations (0, 75, and 150 µM). T
Results: The results of the study indicated that increasing cadmium concentration led to a reduction in plant height, leaf area, dry weight of shoots and roots, stomatal conductance, and chlorophyll content. Conversely, the increase in cadmium concentration resulted in elevated levels of electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde, and proline. Additionally, inoculation of plants with Pseudomonas aeruginosa significantly mitigated the effects of stress in stressed plants and enhanced growth parameters in non-stressed plants.