دو فصلنامه علوم سبزی ها

دو فصلنامه علوم سبزی ها

مقایسه رشد و برخی ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیکی سه رقم کاهو در بستر جامد و سامانه شناوری زیر نور مصنوعی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران
2 دانشیار، گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران
چکیده
کاهو با نام علمی Lactucae sativa یک سبزی‌ برگی، محصول فصل خنک و از نظر اقتصادی بسیار ارزشمند می‌باشد. کاهو از جمله محصولاتی است، که پرورش آن در سامانه‌های کشت بدون خاک در بسیاری از گلخانه‌های تجاری دنیا انجام می‌شود. در این آزمایش که به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی اجرا شد، فاکتور نوع سامانه کشت در دو سطح (بستر جامد و شناور) و فاکتور رقم در سه سطح (فرانسوی سبز، ایسبرگ گریزلی و باترهد)، با سه تکرار مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. براساس نتایج بدست آمده در رقم فرانسوی، بیشترین وزن تر اندام هوایی در سامانه شناور بدست آمد که اختلاف معنی‌داری با رقم باترهد و رقم گریزلی در سامانه شناور داشت. در رقم گریزلی، بیشترین وزن تر اندام هوایی در بستر جامد مشاهده شد که اختلاف معنی‌داری با رقم باترهد و رقم فرانسوی در بستر جامد نشان داد. صرفنظر از نوع سامانه کشت، وزن تر هوایی رقم باترهد نسبت به تیمارهای برتر این آزمایش (فرانسوی در سامانه شناور و گریزلی در بستر جامد)، به‌طور معنی‌داری کمتر بود. بیشترین آنتی‌اکسیدان برگ در رقم گریزلی و در هر دو بستر جامد و شناور مشاهده شد که اختلاف معنی‌داری با یکدیگر نداشتند ولی نسبت به سایر تیمارها به‌طور معنی‌داری بیشتر بودند. تنها در رقم فرانسوی، سامانه کشت روی فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی مؤثر بود، به‌طوری‌که در این رقم، بستر جامد موجب افزایش فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی برگ گیاه در مقایسه با سامانه شناور گردید ولی در دو رقم باترهد و گریزلی، سامانه کشت اختلاف معنی‌داری روی فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی همان رقم برجای نگذاشت. بیشترین هدایت روزنه‌ای برگ در رقم باترهد و در بستر جامد بدست آمد که اختلاف معنی‌داری با تمامی ترکیبات تیماری دیگر داشت و کمترین هدایت روزنه‌ای نیز در رقم فرانسوی در سامانه شناور دیده شد که اختلاف معنی‌داری با همین رقم در بستر جامد نشان نداد. در نهایت می‌توان گفت که چگونگی واکنش عملکردی، مورفولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی کاهو در سامانه‌های مختلف کشت، به نوع رقم وابسته است، لذا انتخاب سامانه کشت مناسب باید براساس ویژگی­های رقم صورت پذیرد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Growth and physiological characteristics comparison of three lettuce varieties grown in a solid medium and floating system under artificial light

نویسندگان English

Nima Neshaei Moghaddam 1
Hossein Sadeghi 2
Kamran Ghasemi 2
1 Former MSc. Student, Department of Horticultural Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Horticultural Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
چکیده English

1. Introduction: Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is a leafy vegetable produced during cool seasons and has significant economic value. Many commercial greenhouses around the world use soilless cultivation systems to grow lettuce as one of the crops. Hydroponic systems are classified into two main groups based on the structure of the culture medium, which can have different effects on nutrient absorption, growth rate, yield, and quality characteristics of lettuce. The floating cultivation system is a simple and inexpensive hydroponic system that can be used to grow vegetables, particularly lettuce. The most important advantage of floating systems is that they reduce fertilizer waste and environmental pollution. However, replacing the nutrient solution could destroy the advantages of the system. Artificial lights can be used to increase light intensity in greenhouse crops in low-light areas, and supplementary light can also be used to increase the length of lighting hours. This study aimed to investigate the effects of hydroponic, floating, and solid substrate cultivation on the growth and production of three lettuce varieties under artificial light conditions.
2. Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted in a factorial format based on a completely randomized design, with two factors comprising the cultivation system (solid and floating substrate) and the cultivar (Green French, Iceberg Grizzly, and Butterhead), with three replications. The seeds of lettuce varieties were sown in a seedling tray with a mixture of coir fibre and perlite in a volume ratio of 50:50. Four weeks after sowing, the seedlings were transferred to the main substrate under the following conditions: LED light of 225 μmol/m-2 s-1 intensity, 4 cm from the edge of the pot, the temperature of 21 ± 2 °C, and light/dark period of 16 /8 h. Hoagland solution was used as the nutrient solution for the solid medium, which was fed every three days. Also, lettuces were placed in Hoagland nutrient solution in the floating system. 50 days after transplanting, the lettuces were harvested, and vegetative characteristics, photosynthetic pigments comprising chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids were measured. Also, the photosynthesis efficiency index was measured using the Fluorimeter.
3. Results and Discussion: The French variety had the highest aerial parts fresh weight in the floating system, which was significantly different from that of the Buttered and Grizzly varieties. The highest aerial parts fresh weight in the Grizzly variety was observed in the solid substrate, which was significantly different from that of the Butterhead and French varieties in the solid substrate. The Butterhead variety had significantly lower aerial fresh weight than the superior treatments in this experiment, which were French in the floating system and Grizzly in the solid substrate, regardless of cultivation system type. The Grizzly cultivar grown in solid substrate had the most antioxidant content, which was identical to the Grizzly cultivar grown in the floating system, but significantly higher than other treatments. The cultivation system enhanced antioxidant activity only in the French cultivars. Therefore, the solid substrate increased the antioxidant activity of the leaves in this cultivar compared to the floating system, but the cultivation system did not result in any significant differences in the antioxidant activity of the same cultivar, Butterhead or Grizzly. The Butterhead cultivar in the solid substrate achieved the highest leaf stomatal conductance, which differed significantly from all other treatment combinations, whereas the French cultivar had the lowest stomatal conductance in the floating system, and there were no significant differences between them on solid substrates.
4. Conclusion: In terms of growth and performance, the French variety of lettuce has a very acceptable condition in the floating culture system and can be considered commercially. If a lettuce grower wants to produce the Grizzly variety, it is preferable to use a solid medium instead of a floating system. Regardless of the cultivation system, the butter head generally showed weaker growth than the French and Grizzly varieties. Finally, it should be noted that the functional, morphological, and biochemical reactions of lettuce in different cultivation systems depend on the variety of the plant, so selecting the appropriate cultivation system should be based on the characteristics of the variety.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Nutrient solution
soilless cultivation
LED
nutritional value
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دوره 10، شماره 19
تیر 1405
صفحه 43-62

  • تاریخ دریافت 08 اسفند 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری 06 تیر 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش 18 شهریور 1403