دو فصلنامه علوم سبزی ها

دو فصلنامه علوم سبزی ها

ارزیابی کاربرد میکوریزا و عصاره جلبک دریایی بر برخی ویژگی‌های مورفولوژیکی، فیزیولوژیکی و عناصر غذایی نشاء بادنجان (Solanum melongena L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
علی اکبر دامادی 1
فرزاد رسولی 2
محمد علی اعظمی 2
محمد باقر حسن پور اقدم 2
لمیا وجودی مهربانی 3
پریناز فردوسی قبچاق 1
رعنا پناهی تجرق 1
1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران
2 دانشیار، گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران
3 دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران
10.22034/iuvs.2023.2006338.1299
چکیده
تولید و عملکرد محصولات گلخانه‌ای از جمله بادنجان (Solanum melonena L)  به تولید نشاء باکیفیت بالا بستگی دارد و افزایش کیفیت نشاء در راستای کاهش هزینه‌‌های تولید از اهداف اصلی صنعت تولید نشاء می‌باشد. در این راستا، به‌منظور مطالعه اثر محلول‌پاشی عصاره جلبک دریایی و قارچ میکوریزا بر عملکرد و خصوصیات مورفو‌فیزیولوژیکی نشاء بادنجان، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تکرار در سال 1401 تحت شرایط گلخانه‌ای انجام گرفت. فاکتورهای مورد بررسی شامل کاربرد میکوریزا (Glomus mosseae) در دو سطح 0 (شاهد) و 5 گرم در کیلوگرم خاک، و محلول‌پاشی عصاره جلبک دریایی (Ascophyllum Nodosum) با غلظت‌های 0 (شاهد)، 1، 2 و 4 گرم در لیتر بودند. نتایج نشان داد ویژگی‌های مورفولوژیکی، فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی بادنجان تحت تأثیر محلول‌پاشی عصاره جلبک دریایی و قارچ میکوریزا قرار گرفت. کاربرد تیمار عصاره جلبک دریایی (4 گرم در لیتر) با تلقیح AMF به‌ترتیب افزایش 69، 42، 59 و 109 درصدی ارتفاع نشاء، قطر ساقه، طول و عرض برگ را موجب گردید. تیمار 4 گرم در لیتر عصاره جلبک دریایی با کاربرد همزمان میکوریزا باعث افزایش 208 درصدی محتوای آهن و 93 درصدی محتوای روی برگ نسبت به تیمار شاهد گردید. براساس نتایج این پژوهش به‌نظر می‌رسد کاربرد محلول‌پاشی عصاره جلبک دریایی با غلظت 4 گرم در لیتر توام با قارچ میکوریزا می‌تواند سبب افزایش کیفیت و پارامترهای بیوشیمیایی و مورفولوژیکی نشاء بادنجان باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
تحریک کننده رشد زیستی
عملکرد
مواد مغذی
همزیستی

عنوان مقاله English

Evaluation of Mycorrhiza and Seaweed Extract Application on Some Morphological and Physiological Traits and Nutrients of Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Transplant

نویسندگان English

Ali Akbar Damadi 1
farzad rasoli 2
Mohammad Ali Aazami 2
Mohammad Bagher Hassanpouraghdam 2
Lamia Vojoudi Mehrabani 3
Parina Ferdowsi Qebchaq 1
Rana PanahiTajaragh 1
1 M.Sc. Student, Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده English

Extended Abstract 
1.    Introduction: The production of high-quality vegetable transplants is crucial for cultivating greenhouse products. Utilizing healthy, vigorous seedlings ensures a high potential for producing top-performing products. Healthy seedlings guarantee successful plant growth, ultimately increasing producers' profits. Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is one of the oldest cultivated crops in Africa, Asia, and Southern Europe. Currently, biological fertilizers have been proposed as an alternative to some chemical fertilizers to increase soil fertility in the production of products in sustainable agriculture. The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) as a plant symbiotic fungus and seaweed (SWE) as a biological growth promoter have been documented in increasing the growth and yield of crops. The production and performance of greenhouse products depend on producing high-quality transplants, and increasing the quality of transplants to reduce production costs is one of the main goals of the transplanting industry. Optimum nutrition is one of the most effective ways to improve the quality of seedlings. 
2.    Materials and Methods: To study the effect of foliar application of seaweed extract and mycorrhizal fungus on yield, yield components, and morphological characteristics of eggplant transplants, a factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with four replications in greenhouse conditions. The first factor was mycorrhiza (Glomus mosseae) in two levels: without mycorrhiza and with the application of mycorrhiza (5 g kg-1 soil), and the second factor was the foliar application of seaweed extract (Ascophyllum nodosum) with concentrations of 0, 1, 2, and 4 g L-1. After 15 days from the seeds' initial planting, a seaweed extract was applied in three stages over 21 days, each occurring once every seven days. Six weeks after planting the seeds, the morphological characteristics of eggplant, including the number of leaves, leaf length and width, seedling height, root and stem weight, stem diameter, greenness index, and physiological traits such as photosynthetic pigments, carbohydrates, and leaf protein, and some nutritional values were evaluated.
3.    Results and Discussion: The results showed that eggplant's morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics were affected by foliar spraying of seaweed extract and mycorrhizal fungus. The application of these treatments improved the morphological characteristics, and growth parameters of eggplant transplants, photosynthetic pigments, osmolytes (carbohydrate and total protein), and antioxidant elements. SWE treatment (4 g L-1) with AMF inoculation caused a 69, 42, 59, and 109% increase in seedling height, stem diameter, leaf length, and width, respectively. The highest amount of chlorophyll b was observed in the treatments with 2 and 4 g L-1 SWE, both with and without AMF application. Conversely, the lowest amount was observed in the control treatment. Additionally, the highest amount of carotenoid was observed at the 4 g L-1 SWE level with the application of AMF, showing a 324% increase compared to the control treatment. Conversely, the lowest amount was also observed in the control treatment. The highest amount of carbohydrates was observed with the foliar application of 4 g L-1 SWE in combination with the application of AMF, resulting in 34.05 mg g-1 fresh weight. The lowest amount of carbohydrates was observed in the control group, with 15.82 mg g-1 fresh weight. The highest amount of total soluble protein, 6.75 mg/g fresh weight, was obtained using 4 g L-1 SWE in combination with AMF. However, there was a significant difference between this treatment and using 4 g L-1 SWE alone or combined with 2 g L-1 with AMF. The lowest amount of total soluble protein, 2.43 mg g-1 fresh weight, was observed in the control treatment. The application of AMF in conjunction with 4 g L-1 SWE increased the iron content by 208% and the iron content by 93% compared to the control treatment. Also, the application of AMF caused a 28% increase in the concentration of copper in the leaves of eggplant transplants.
4.    Conclusion: The research findings indicate that the application of seaweed extract, mycorrhizal fungus, or a combination of both can significantly enhance various characteristics of plants. These improvements include increased plant height, leaf length, number of leaves, stem diameter, and leaf width, as well as enhanced stem and root vigor in terms of fresh and dry weights. Additionally, physiological traits such as protein content, chlorophyll levels (both a and b), total carbohydrates, carotenoid levels, and SPAD values were also found to be positively influenced. It is recommended that 4 g/l be used in conjunction with AMF for optimal results.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Bio-stimulant
Nutrients
Symbiosis
Yield
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دو فصلنامه علوم سبزی ها
دوره 8، شماره 16 - شماره پیاپی 2
دو فصلنامه علوم سبزی ها- پاییز و زمستان 1403
دی 1403
صفحه 85-104

  • تاریخ دریافت 17 تیر 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری 15 مرداد 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش 15 مرداد 1402