مطالعه تنوع ژنتیکی و برآورد وراثت‌پذیری در جمعیت در حال تفکیک حاصل از تلاقی طالبی ساوه × کوری (گالیا تایپ)

پورممبینی, صفدر; لطفی, محمود; صاحبانی, نوازاله; رامشینی, حسین

doi:10.22034/iuvs.2025.2050756.1404

مطالعه تنوع ژنتیکی و برآورد وراثت‌پذیری در جمعیت در حال تفکیک حاصل از تلاقی طالبی ساوه × کوری (گالیا تایپ)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

صفدر پورممبینی ¹

محمود لطفی ²

نوازاله صاحبانی ³

حسین رامشینی ⁴

¹ دانش آموخته مقطع دکتری علوم باغبانی، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده فناوری کشاورزی ( ابوریحان)، دانشگاه تهران، پاکدشت، ایران

² دانشیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده فناوری کشاورزی (ابوریحان)، دانشگاه تهران، پاکدشت، ایران

³ دانشیار، گروه حشره شناسی و بیماری های گیاهی، دانشکده فناوری کشاورزی (ابوریحان)، دانشگاه تهران، پاکدشت، ایران

⁴ دانشیار، گروه علوم زراعی و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده فناوری کشاورزی (ابوریحان)، دانشگاه تهران، پاکدشت، ایران

10.22034/iuvs.2025.2050756.1404

چکیده

طالبی یکی از مهمترین محصولات جالیزی است. با وجود طعم دلپذیر، به دلیل عملکرد پایین و همچنین حساسیت بالای آنها به بیماری‌های قارچی و ویروسی اغلب جالیزکاران به کشت ارقام هیبرید وارداتی گرایش دارند. به منظور بهنژادی صفات ناپسند طالبی ساوه، این رقم با هیبرید تجاری از گروه گالیا تلاقی داده شد. رقم گالیا به بیماری‌ها و ویروس‌ها بسیار مقاوم بوده ضخامت گوشت بالا دارد و میوه آن بسیار شیرین است. تعداد 1500 عدد بوته F₂ حاصل از تلاقی ساوه در گالیا به همراه بذور ارقام والدی و نسل اول آنها کشت شدند. پس از خودگشنی، تمام بوته‌‌ها ارزیابی و گزینش آنها به‌ترتیب در شرایط طبیعی مزرعه برای صفات مورفولوژیک و مقاومت به ویروس و بیماری‌های بوته‌میری و در آزمایشگاه برای صفات کمی و کیفی صورت گرفت. نتایج نشان داد مواد جامد محلول (0/922) ، تعداد روز تا برداشت (0/994) و ضخامت گوشت میوه (0/920) دارای وراثت‌پذیری عمومی بالا بودند. در جمعیت F₂ برای صفات کمی تفکیک متجاوز قابل توجه مشاهده شد. 64% ژنوتیپ‌های جمعیت F₂ کاملا مشبک و 36% دارای میزان شبکه کمتر یا پوست میوه صاف بودند. همچنین 60% ژنوتیپ های جمعیتF₂ خط دار بودند و بیش از 90% دارای رنگ پوست میوه زرد و رنگ گوشت سبز بودند. توارثپذیری بالای برخی صفات کمی نویدبخش کارایی بالای گزینش به منظور دستیابی به لاین های با ارزش خواهد بود. بنابراین بهتر است گزینش ژنوتیپ های برتر به ترتیب بر اساس زودرسی، ضخامت گوشت و مواد جامد محلول و وزن میوه صورت گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تجزیه همبستگی

تفکیک متجاوز

جمعیت اصلاحی

گزینش

وراثت‌پذیری

عنوان مقاله English

Investigating Genetic Diversity and Prediction of Heritability in a Segregating F₂ Population Derived from a Cross of Saveh (Cantaloupe) × Cory (Galia Type)

نویسندگان English

Safdar Pour Mombeini ¹

Mahmoud Lotf ²

Navazolah Sahebani ³

Hossein Ramshini ⁴

¹ Graduated with a PhD in Horticultural Sciences, Department of Horticulture Sciences, Agricultural College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran

² Associate Professor, Department of Horticulture Sciences, Agricultural College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran

³ Associate Professor, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Agricultural College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran

⁴ Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Sciences, Agricultural College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran

چکیده English

1. Introduction: Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is one of the most important cucurbit crops and has a long history of cultivation in Iran. However, because local varieties show high susceptibility to fungal and viral diseases, most growers have shifted toward imported hybrid cultivars. To combine desirable parental traits and establish a broadly diverse breeding population, two contrasting parents were crossed: (i) the Saveh cantaloupe, a native, homogeneous cultivar with round, striped fruits, a fully reticulate orange skin, high transportability and long shelf life, green flesh, low sweetness, mild fragrance, slightly late maturity and high sensitivity to certain diseases (e.g., damping-off and viruses) and (ii) Cory, a commercial Galia-type hybrid from Seminis Company, characterized by round, fully reticulate fruits without skin lines, a yellow-to-cream skin, high transportability and shelf life, thick flesh, small seed cavity, green flesh with high sweetness and quality superior to domestic cultivars, and resistance to Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis), several viruses, and powdery mildew (according to the manufacturer's label).
2. Materials and methods: Parental plants were established, and the F₁ seed was produced in the spring of 2017. The F₁ generation was self-pollinated in the autumn of the same year. In late autumn, F₂ seeds were collected from the F₁ plants. In the following spring, 1,500 F₂ seeds from the Saveh × Galia cross, together with the parental and F₁ seeds, were sown in seedling trays to form a large F₂ population. After three weeks, the seedlings were transplanted to the research field of the Agricultural College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, at a spacing of 80 × 170 cm. The breeding method used was pedigree selection. To produce F₃ seed, all F₂ plants were self-pollinated together with the parental plants. For self-pollination, male and female flowers were isolated one day in advance and hand-pollinated under controlled conditions the following morning. Three flowers per plant were pollinated, and more than 4,500 flowers were self-pollinated in total. During vegetative and reproductive growth, while routine agronomic care was carried out, plants were evaluated and recorded for important morphological traits and for resistance to disease, viruses, and mites under natural field conditions. In the laboratory, the self-pollinated fruits of the selected plants were subsequently evaluated on the basis of fruit-quality indicators. All qualitative traits and resistance scores were recorded on a ranked scale.
3. Results and Discussion: The results showed that soluble solids content, number of days to harvest, and flesh thickness had high broad-sense heritability, whereas fruit weight and seed-cavity diameter showed medium and low heritability, respectively. Pearson correlation coefficients showed that fruit weight had a positive, significant relationship with all quantitative traits measured except fruit sugar. The strongest correlations were between fruit weight and fruit length (0.845) and between fruit weight and fruit width (0.825). In the F₂ population, positive transgressive segregation beyond the superior parent was observed for all quantitative traits, and negative transgressive segregation below the parent with the lower value was observed for all traits except fruit shape index. Regarding seed-cavity size, 7% of the progeny showed positive and 16% showed negative transgressive segregation relative to the parents. More than 60% of genotypes segregated beyond the parents for flesh thickness. For soluble solids (TSS), only 10% of genotypes exceeded the superior parent. In the F₂ population, 56% of fruits had yellow-orange skin, 1% cream, 13% green, 24% yellow, and 6% white, and most genotypes had green flesh. All F₁ plants were netted (reticulate) with no or faint stripes, whereas in the F₂, 64% of genotypes were completely reticulate, 60% were striped, and 40% had no or faint stripes. Regarding disease and pest responses, Galia parent plants were all healthy, while all Saveh parent plants were infected. Approximately 70% of the SGF₁ and 75% of the SGF₂ plants were healthy. For viral infection, 17% of Galia parent plants were healthy, while all Saveh parents were infected with various viruses. Of the F₁ plants, 62% showed no signs of viral infection, whereas in the SGF₂ population only 26% of genotypes were healthy and the remainder showed low to severe infection. With respect to the two-spotted spider mite, 83% of Galia and 17% of Saveh parent plants, respectively, showed no infection.
4. Conclusion: Considering the strengths and weaknesses of each parent, the resulting F₂ population showed high diversity and recombination with clearly defined, distinguishable phenotypes. The high heritability of several quantitative traits promises to yield valuable breeding lines in the future. In general, for traits with high heritability, the genetic variance exceeded the environmental variance; therefore, selection for these traits in early generations should be more reliable and successful. Accordingly, superior F₂ genotypes should be selected primarily based on disease resistance, flesh thickness, soluble solids content, and fruit weight.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Correlation analysis

Invasive segregation

Breeding population

Selection

Heritability

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